Daftar kaisar

Ini adalah daftar kaisar terkenal yang disusun menurut abjad berdasarkan kekaisaran dan tahun-tahun pemerintahan secara kronologis. Cina dan India dipecah secara kronologis oleh dinasti, kekaisaran, atau kerajaan.

Kekaisaran Austria

• Ferdinand (I) (1835–48)
• Charles (I) (1916–18)

Kekaisaran Aztec

• Montezuma II (1502–20)
• Cuauhtémoc (1520–22)

Kekaisaran Brasil (1822–89)

• Pedro I (1822–31)
• Pedro II (1841–89)

Kekaisaran Bizantium (330 CE –1453)

• Anastasius I (491–518)
• Justin I (518–527)
• Justinian I (527–565)
• Justin II (565–578)
• Maurice (582–602)
• Phocas (602–610)
• Heraclius (610–641)
• Heraclonas (641)
• Constantine III (Januari hingga April atau Mei 641)
• Constans II Pogonatus (641–668)
• Konstantinus IV (668–685)
• Justinian II (685–695; 705–711)
• Philippicus Bardanes (711–713)
• Anastasius II (713–715)
• Leo III (717–741)
• Constantine V Copronymus (741–775)
• Leo IV (775–780)
• Konstantinus VI (780–797)
• Nicephorus I (802–811)
• Michael I Rhangabe (811–813)
• Leo V (813–820)
• Michael II (820–829)
• Michael III (842–867)
• Basil I (867–886)
• Leo VI (886–912)
• Alexander (912–913)
• Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (913–959)
• Romanus I Lecapenus (920–944)
• Romanus II (959–963)
• Nicephorus II Phocas (963–969, kaisar militer)
• John I Tzimisces (969–976, kaisar militer)
• Basil II (960, dimahkotai sebagai bayi; 976–1025, kaisar tunggal)
• Konstantinus VIII (960, dinobatkan sebagai bayi; 1025–28, kaisar tunggal)
• Michael IV (1034–41)
• Michael V Calaphates (1041–42)
• Constantine IX Monomachus (1042–55)
• Michael VI Stratioticus (1056–57)
• Isaac I Comnenus (1057–59)
• Constantine X Ducas (1059–67)
• Michael VII Ducas (1071–78)
• Nicephorus III Botaneiates (1078–81)
• Alexius I Comnenus (1081–1118)
• Yohanes II Comnenus (1118–43)
• Manuel I Comnenus (1143–80)
• Alexius II Comnenus (1180–83)
• Andronicus I Comnenus (1183–85)
• Isaac II Angelus (1185–95)
• Alexius III Angelus (1195–1203)
• Alexius IV Angelus (1203–04)
• Alexius V Ducas Mourtzouphlus (1204)
• Baldwin I (1204–05)
• Baldwin II Porphyrogenitus (1228–61)
• Michael VIII Palaeologus (1261–82)
• Andronicus II Palaeologus (1282–1328)
• Andronicus III Palaeologus (1328–41)
• John V Palaeologus (1341–91)
• Yohanes VI Cantacuzenus (1347–54)
• Andronicus IV Palaeologus (1376–79)
• Yohanes VII Palaeologus (1390)
• Manuel II Palaeologus (1391–1425)
• Yohanes VIII Palaeologus (1408, dinobatkan sebagai kaisar bersama; 1421–48)
• Konstantinus XI Palaeologus (1449–53)

Cina

Dinasti Qin (221–207 SM

• Shihuangdi (221–210 SM)

Dinasti Han (206 SM –220 M)

• Gaozu (206–195 SM)
• Wendi (180–157 SM)
• Jingdi (157–141 SM)
• Wudi (141–87 SM)
• Xuandi (74–49 / 48 sM)
• Yuandi (49 / 48–33 SM)
• Pingdi (1 SM –5 M)
• Guangwudi (25–57 M)
• Mingdi (57–75 M)
• Zhangdi (75–88 M)

Dinasti Xin (9–25 M)

• Wang Mang (9–23)

Dinasti Wu (220–280 M)

• Cao Pi (220–226)
• Sun Quan (229–252)

Dinasti Wei (386–534 / 535 M)

• Xiaowendi (471–499)

Dinasti Jin (barat, 265–316 / 317 M)

• Wudi (265–290)

Dinasti Liang Selatan (502–557 M)

• Wudi (502–549)

Dinasti Sui (581–618 M)

• Wendi (581–604)
• Yangdi (604–617 / 618)

Dinasti Tang (618–907 M)

• Gaozu (618–626)
• Taizong (626–649)
• Gaozong (649–683)
• Ruizong (684–690; 710–712)
• Xuanzong (712–756)
• Dezong (779–805)
• Wenzong (827–840)

Dinasti Liang kemudian (907–923 M)

• Zhu Wen (907–923)

Dinasti Song (960–1279 M)

• Taizu (960–976)
• Taizong (976–997)
• Zhenzong (997–1022)
• Renzong (1022–63)
• Shenzong (1067–85)
• Huizong (1100–1125 / 26)
• Qinzong (1125 / 26–1127)

Dinasti Xi Xia (1038–1227 M)

• Li Yuanhao (1038–48)

Dinasti Song Selatan (1127–1279 M.)

• Gaozong (1127–62)
• Ningzong (1195–1224)

Dinasti Yuan (1206–1368 M)

• Kubilai Khan (1271–94)
• Temür (1295–1307)
• Buyantu (1311–20)
• Togon-temür (1333–68)

Dinasti Ming (1368–1644 M.)

• Hongwu (1368–98)
• Yongle (1402–24)
• Zhengtong (1435–49; 1457–64)
• Jingtai (1449–57)
• Zhengde (1505–21)
• Jiajing (1521–1566 / 67)
• Longqing (1566 / 67–72)
• Wanli (1572–1620)
• Tianqi (1620–27)
• Chongzhen (1627–44)

Dinasti Qing (1644–1911 / 12)

• Shunzhi (1644–61)
• Kangxi (1661–1722)
• Yongzheng (1722–35)
• Qianlong (1735–96)
• Jiaqing (1796–1820)
• Daoguang (1820–50)
• Xianfeng (1850–61)
• Tongzhi (1861–1874 / 75)
• Guangxu (1874 / 75–1908)
• Puyi (1908–1911 / 12)

Kekaisaran Etiopia ( sekitar 1137–1936; 1941–74)

• Fasilides (1632–67)
• Tewodros II (1855–68)
• Yohannes IV (1872–89)
• Menilek II (1889–1913)
• Haile Selassie I (1930–74)

Kekaisaran Prancis (1804–14; 1852–70)

• Napoleon I (1804–1814 / 15)
• Napoleon III (1852–70)

Kekaisaran Jerman (1871–1918)

• William I (1871–88)
• Frederick III (1888, selama 99 hari)
• William II (1888–1918)

Kekaisaran Haiti (1804–06; 1849–59)

• Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1804–06)
• Faustin-Élie Soulouque (1849–59)

Kekaisaran Romawi Suci (800–1806)

• Charlemagne (800–814)
• Louis I (814–840)
• Lothar I (823–855)
• Louis II (850–875)
• Charles II (875–877)
• Charles III (881–887)
• Guy II (891-894; legitimasi dipertanyakan)
• Lambert dari Spoleto (892–898)
• Arnulf (896–899)
• Louis III (901–905)
• Berengar (915–924)
• Otto I (962–973)
• Otto II (967–983)
• Otto III (996–1002)
• Henry II (1014–24)
• Conrad II (1027–39)
• Henry III (1046–56)
• Henry IV (1084–1105 / 06)
• Henry V (1111–25)
• Lothar III (1133–37)
• Frederick I (1152–90)
• Henry VI (1191–97)
• Otto IV (1209–15)
• Frederick II (1220–50)
• Henry VII (1312–13)
• Louis IV (1328–47)
• Charles IV (1355–78)
• Sigismund (1433–37)
• Frederick III (1452–93)
• Maximilian I (1493–1519)
• Charles V (1519–56)
• Ferdinand I (1558–64)
• Maximilian II (1564–76)
• Rudolf II (1576–1612)
• Matthias (1612–19)
• Ferdinand II (1619–37)
• Ferdinand III (1637–57)
• Leopold I (1658–1705)
• Joseph I (1705–11)
• Charles VI (1711–40)
• Charles VII (1742–45)
• Francis I (1745–65)
• Joseph II (1765–90)
• Leopold II (1790–92)
• Francis II (1792–1806)

Kerajaan Inca (1438–1533)

• Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (1438–71)
• Atahuallpa (1532–33)

India

Kekaisaran Maurya (321–185 SM)

• Chandragupta ( c. 321– c. 297 SM)
• Bindusara (297–272 / 273 SM)
• Ashoka ( sekitar 273–232 SM)

Dinasti Gupta ( sekitar abad ke-4–6 M)

• Chandra Gupta I (320– ± 330 ce)
• Samudra Gupta ( sekitar 330–380 m)
• Chandra Gupta II ( c. 380– c. 415 ce)

Dinasti Mughal (1526–1727)

• Bābur (1526–30)
• Humāyūn (1530–40; 1555–56)
• Akbar (1556–1605)
• Jahāngīr (1605–27)
• Shah Jahān (1628–58)
• Aurangzeb (1658–1707)
• Bahādur Shāh I (1707–12)
• Muḥammad Shah (1719–48)
• Aḥmad Shah (1748–54)
• ʿĀlamgīr II (1754–59)
• Shah ʿĀlam II (1759–1806)
• Bahādur Shāh II (1837–58)

Jepang

• Ojin (fl. Abad ke-3–4)
• Tenji (668–672)
• Shomu (724–749)
• Kammu (781–806)
• Uda (887–897)
• Daigo (897–930)
• Go-Sanjo (1068–72)
• Shirakawa (1072–86)
• Sutoku (1123–41)
• Go-Shirakawa (1155–58)
• Antoku (1180–83)
• Go-Toba (1183–98)
• Go-Daigo (1318–39)
• Meiji (1867–1912)
• Taisho (1912–26)
• Hirohito (1926–89)
• Akihito (1989–)

Kekaisaran Korea (1897–1910)

• Kojong (1897–1907)

Kekaisaran Mali ( c. 1235– c. 1600)

• Musa I dari Mali (1307 [or 1312] –1332? Or 1337?)

Kekaisaran Meksiko (1821–24; 1864–67)

• Agustín de Iturbide (1822–23, kekaisaran pertama)
• Maximilian (1864–67, kekaisaran kedua)

Kekaisaran Mwene Matapa (abad ke-14-16)

• Mavura (1629–75)

Kekaisaran Nicaea (1204–61)

• Theodore I Lascaris (1208–21)
• John III Ducas Vatatzes (1222–54)
• Theodore II Lascaris (1254–58)
• Yohanes IV Lascaris (1258–61)
• Michael VIII Palaeologus (1259–61)

Kekaisaran Romawi (27 SM –476 M)

• Augustus (31 SM –14 M.)
• Tiberius (14–37 M)
• Caligula (37–41 M)
• Klaudius (41–54 M)
• Nero (54–68 M)
• Galba (68–69 M)
• Otho (Januari – April 69 M)
• Aulus Vitellius (Juli – Desember 69 M)
• Vespasian (69–79 M)
• Titus (79–81 M.)
• Domitian (81–96 M)
• Saraf (96–98 M)
• Trajan (98–117 M)
• Hadrian (117–138 M.)
• Antoninus Pius (138–161 M.)
• Marcus Aurelius (161–180 M.)
• Lucius Verus (161–169 M.)
• Commodus (177–192 ce)
• Publius Helvius Pertinax (Januari – Maret 193 M)
• Marcus Didius Severus Julianus (Maret – Juni 193 M)
• Septimius Severus (193–211 ce)
• Caracalla (198–217 M.)
• Publius Septimius Geta (209–211 ce)
• Macrinus (217–218 M.)
• Elagabalus (218–222 M.)
• Severus Alexander (222–235 ce)
• Maximinus (235–238 ce)
• Gordian I (Maret – April 238 M)
• Gordian II (Maret – April 238 M)
• Pupienus Maximus (22 April – 29 Juli 238 M.)
• Balbinus (22 April – 29 Juli 238 M.)
• Gordian III (238–244 ce)
• Philip (244–249 ce)
• Decius (249–251 M.)
• Hostilian (251 M.)
• Gallus (251–253 M.)
• Aemilian (253 M.)
• Valerian (253–260 M.)
• Gallienus (253–268 ce)
• Klaudius II Gothicus (268–270 M.)
• Quintillus (270 M)
• Aurelian (270–275 M.)
• Tacitus (275–276 M.)
• Florian (Juni – September 276 M)
• Probus (276–282 m)
• Carus (282–283 ce)
• Numerian (283–284 ce)
• Carinus (283–285 m)
• Diocletian (Timur, 284–305 M; membagi kekaisaran menjadi Timur dan Barat)
• Maximian (Barat, 286–305 M.)
• Konstantius I (Barat, 305–306 M.)
• Galerius (Timur, 305–311 M.)
• Severus (West, 306–307 CE)
• Maxentius (Barat, 306–312 ce)
• Constantine I (306–337 CE; menyatukan kembali kekaisaran)
• Galerius Valerius Maximinus (310–313 M)
• Licinius (308–324 ce)
• Constantine II (337–340 M)
• Konstantius II (337–361 M.)
• Konstans I (337–350 M.)
• Gallus Caesar (351–354 ce)
• Julian (361–363 ce)
• Yovian (363–364 ce)
• Valentinian I (West, 364–375 CE)
• Valens (East, 364–378 ce)
• Procopius (Timur, 365–366 M.)
• Gratian (Barat, 367–383 CE; kaisar bersama Valentian I)
• Valentinian II (375–392 CE: dinobatkan sebagai anak)
• Theodosius I (East, 379–392 ce: East and West, 392–395 ce)
• Arcadius (East, 383–395 ce, co-emperor; 395– 402 ce, sole kaisar)
• Magnus Maximus (West, 383–388 ce)
• Honorius (West, 393–395 ce, co-emperor; 395–423 ce, sole kaisar)
• Theodosius II (Timur, 408–450 M.)
• Constantius III (West, 421 CE, co-emperor)
• Valentinian III (Barat, 425–455 M.)
• Marcian (Timur, 450–457 M.)
• Petronius Maximus (Barat, 17 Maret – 31 Mei 455 M.)
• Avitus (West, 455–456 M.)
• Majorian (West, 457–461 ce)
• Libius Severus (Barat, 461–465 M.)
• Anthemius (Barat, 467–472 M.)
• Olybrius (Barat, April – November 472 M.)
• Glycerius (West, 473–474 ce)
• Julius Nepos (West, 474–475 ce)
• Romulus Augustulus (Barat, 475–476 M.)
• Leo I (East, 457–474 ce)
• Leo II (Timur, 474 M.)
• Zeno (Timur, 474–491 M.)

Kekaisaran Rusia (1721–1917)

• Peter I (1682–1721, tsar; 1721–25, kaisar)
• Petrus II (1727–30)
• Ivan VI (1740–41)
• Peter III (1762)
• Paulus (1796–1801)
• Alexander I (1801–25)
• Nicholas I (1825–55)
• Alexander II (1855–81)
• Alexander III (1881–94)
• Nikolay II (1894–1917)

Kekaisaran Serbia (1346–1371)

• Stefan Dušan (1346–55)

Kekaisaran Vietnam

• Ly Bon (544–547)
• Dinh Bo Linh (968–979)
• Le Loi (berkembang 1428–43)
• Le Thanh Tong (1460–97)
• Hien Vuong (1648–87)
• Quang Trung (1788–92)
• Gia Long (1802–20)
• Minh Mang (1820–41)
• Tu Duc (1847–83)
• Ham Nghi (1884–86)
• Duy Tan (1907–16)
• Khai Dinh (1916–25)
• Bao Dai (1926–45)

Artikel ini terakhir kali direvisi dan diperbarui oleh Amy Tikkanen, Manajer Koreksi.